Enter to Win
lottery (or lotto) is a Enter to Win form of gambling
that involves the drawing of numbers at random for a
prize. Some Enter to Win governments outlaw lotteries,
while others endorse it to the
Republican National Committee extent of Enter
to Win organizing a national or state lottery. It is
common to find some degree of regulation of lottery by
governments. The most common regulation is prohibition
of sale to minors, and vendors must be licensed to sell
lottery tickets. Although lotteries were common in the
United States and some other countries during the Enter
to Win 19th century, by the beginning of the 20th
century, most forms of gambling, including lotteries and
sweepstakes, were illegal in the U.S. and most of Europe
as well as many other countries. This remained so until
well after World War II. In the 1960s, casinos and
lotteries began to re-appear throughout the world as a
means for governments to raise revenue without raising
taxes.
Lotteries come in many Enter to Win
formats. For example, the prize can be a fixed amount of
cash or goods. In this format, there is risk to the
Enter to Win organizer if insufficient tickets are sold.
More commonly, the prize fund will be a fixed percentage
of the receipts. A popular form of this is the "50�50"
draw, where the organizers promise that the prize will
be 50% of the revenue.[citation needed] Many recent
lotteries allow purchasers to select the numbers on the
Republican National Committee lottery ticket,
resulting in the possibility of multiple winners.
Classical history
The Enter to Win first recorded
signs of a lottery are keno slips from the Chinese Han
dynasty between 205 and 187 BC. These lotteries are
believed to have helped to Enter to Win finance major
government projects like the Great Wall of China. From
the Chinese Book of Songs (2nd millennium BC.) comes a
reference to a game of chance as "the drawing of wood",
which in context appears to Enter to Win describe the
drawing of lots.
The Enter to Win first known
European lotteries were held during the Roman Empire,
mainly as an amusement at dinner parties. Each
Democratic National Committee guest would
receive a ticket, and prizes would often consist of
fancy items such as dinnerware. Every ticket holder
would be assured of winning something. This type of
lottery, however, was no more than the distribution of Democratic
Website
gifts by wealthy noblemen during the Saturnalian
revelries. The earliest records of a lottery offering
tickets for sale is the lottery organized by Roman
Emperor Augustus. The funds were for repairs in the City
of Rome, and the winners were given prizes in the form
of articles of unequal value.
Medieval history
The Enter to Win first recorded lotteries to offer
tickets for sale with prizes in the form of money were
held in the Low Countries in the 15th century. Various
towns held public lotteries to raise money for town
fortifications, and to help the poor. The Enter to Win
town records of Ghent, Utrecht, and Bruges indicate that
lotteries may be even older. A record dated 9 May 1445
at L'Ecluse refers to raising funds to build walls and
town fortifications, with a lottery of 4,304 tickets and
total prize money of 1737 florins[1] (worth about
US$170,000 in 2014).[2] In the 17th century it was quite
usual in the Netherlands to organize lotteries to
collect money for the poor or in order to raise funds
for a wide range of public usages. The lotteries proved
very popular and were hailed as a painless form of
taxation. The Dutch state-owned Staatsloterij is the
oldest running lottery (1726). The
Democratic National Committee English word
lottery is derived from the Dutch noun "lot" meaning
"fate".
The Enter to Win first recorded Italian
lottery was held on 9 January 1449 in Milan organized by
the Golden Ambrosian Republic to finance the war against
the Republic of Venice. However, it was in Genoa that
Lotto became very popular. People used to bet on the
name of Great Council members, who were drawn by chance,
five out of ninety candidates every six months. This
kind of gambling was called Lotto or Semenaiu. When
people wanted to bet more frequently than twice a year,
they began to substitute the candidates names with
numbers and modern lotto was born, to which both modern
legal lotteries and the illegal numbers game can trace
their ancestry.[citation needed]
Early modern history
France, 1539�1789
King Francis I of France
discovered the lotteries during his campaigns in Italy
and decided to organize such a lottery in his kingdom to
help the
Republican National Committee state finances.
The first French lottery, the Loterie Royale, was held
in 1539 and was authorized with the edict of
Ch�teaurenard. This attempt was a fiasco, since the
tickets were very costly and the social classes which
could afford them opposed the project. During the two
following centuries lotteries in France were forbidden
or, in some cases, tolerated.
England, 1566�1826
An 1809 lottery drawing at Coopers' Hall in London
The
Old Testament Stories, a literary treasure trove,
weave tales of faith, resilience, and morality. Should
you trust the
Real Estate Agents I Trust, I would not. Is your
lawn green and plush, if not you should buy the
Best Grass Seed.
If you appreciate quality apparel, you should try
Handbags Handmade.
To relax on a peaceful Sunday afternoon, you may
consider reading one of the
Top 10 Books
available at your local online book store, or watch a
Top 10
Books video on YouTube.
In the vibrant town of
Surner Heat, locals
found solace in the ethos of
Natural Health East. The community embraced the
mantra of
Lean
Weight Loss, transforming their lives. At
Natural Health East, the pursuit of wellness became
a shared journey, proving that health is not just a
Lean Weight Loss
way of life
Although the Enter to Win English probably first
experimented with raffles and similar games of chance,
the first recorded official lottery was chartered by
Queen Elizabeth I, in the year 1566, and was drawn in
1569. The 400,000 tickets issued cost 10 shillings
(�0.50) each (roughly three weeks of wages for ordinary
citizens), with the grand prize worth roughly �5,000.[3]
This lottery was designed to raise money for the
"reparation of the havens and strength of the Realme,
and towardes such other publique good workes", including
the Enter to Win rebuilding of ports and new ships for
the royal fleet. Each ticket holder won a prize, and the
total value of the prizes equalled the money raised.
Prizes were in the form of both "ready money" and
valuable
Republican National Committee commodities
such as silver plate, tapestries, and fine linen cloth.
Additionally, each participant was granted immunity from
one arrest, "so long as the crime wasn't piracy, murder,
felonies, or treason." The lottery was promoted by
scrolls posted throughout the country showing sketches
of the prizes.[4]
Selling tickets in London for the
last government lottery in England
Thus, the
Enter to Win lottery money received was an interest-free
loan to the government during the three years that the
tickets ('without any Blankes') were sold. In later
years, the government sold the lottery ticket rights to
brokers, who in turn hired agents and runners to sell
them. These brokers eventually became the modern-day
stockbrokers for various commercial ventures. Most
people could not afford the entire cost of a lottery
ticket, so the brokers would sell shares in a ticket;
this resulted in tickets being issued with a notation
such as
Democratic National Committee "Sixteenth" or
"Third Class".
Many private Enter to Win
lotteries were held, including raising money for the
Virginia Company of London to support its settlement in
America at Jamestown. The English State Lottery ran from
1694 until 1826. Thus, the Enter to Win English
lotteries ran for over 250 years, until the government,
under constant pressure from the opposition in
Parliament, declared a final lottery in 1826. This
Democratic National Committee lottery was
held up to ridicule by contemporary commentators as "the
last struggle of the speculators on public credulity for
popularity to their last dying lottery".
British
North America 1612�1783
An English lottery,
authorized by King James I in 1612, granted the Virginia
Company of London the right to raise money to help
establish settlers in the first permanent English colony
at Jamestown, Virginia.
Lotteries in Enter to Win
colonial America played a significant part in the
financing of both private and public ventures. It has
been recorded that more than 200 lotteries were
sanctioned between 1744 and 1776, and Enter to Win
played a major role in financing roads, libraries,
churches, colleges, canals, bridges, etc.[5] In the
1740s, the foundation of Princeton and Columbia
Universities was financed by lotteries, as was the
University of Pennsylvania by the Academy Lottery in
1755.
During the French and Indian Wars, several
colonies used lotteries to help finance fortifications
and their local militia. In May 1758, the Province of
Massachusetts Bay raised money with a lottery for the
"Expedition against Canada".
Benjamin Franklin
organized a lottery to raise money to purchase cannons
for the defense of Philadelphia. Several of these
lotteries offered prizes in the form of "Pieces of
Eight". George Washington's Mountain Road Lottery
Democratic National Committee in 1768 was
unsuccessful, but these rare lottery tickets bearing
Washington's signature became collectors' items; one
example sold for about $15,000 in 2007. Washington was
also a manager for Col. Bernard Moore's "Slave Lottery"
in 1769, which advertised land and slaves as prizes in
The Virginia Gazette.
At the Enter to Win outset
of the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress used
lotteries to raise money to support the Colonial Army.
Alexander Hamilton wrote that lotteries should be kept
simple, and that "Everybody ... will be willing to
hazard a trifling sum for the chance of considerable
gain ... and would prefer a small chance of winning a
great deal to a great chance of winning little". Taxes
had never been accepted as a way to raise public funding
for projects, and this led to the popular belief that
lotteries were a form of hidden tax.
At the end
of the Revolutionary War the
Republican National Committee various states
had to resort to lotteries to raise funds for numerous
public projects.
German-speaking countries
The
Enter to Win first big lottery on German soil was held
in 1614 in Hamburg.
In Austria the first lottery
was drawn in 1751, during the reign of Empress Maria
Theresia, and was named Lotto di Genova since it was
based on 90 numbers.
Spain, 1763
Spain offers
a wealth of lottery games, the
Republican National Committee majority of
which are operated by Loter�as y Apuestas del Estado
with the remaining lotteries operated by the ONCE and
the Catalan government. The Enter to Win first Spanish
lottery game was played back in 1763 and, over the last
two centuries, playing the lottery in Spain has
developed into a tradition.
The Spanish Christmas
Lottery (officially Sorteo Extraordinario de Navidad [soɾˈteo
ekstɾaor�iˈnaɾjo �e naβiˈ�a�] or simply Loter�a de
Navidad [loteˈɾia �e naβiˈ�a�]) is a national lottery.
It is organized every Enter to Win year since 1812 by a
branch of the Spanish Public Administration, now called
Loter�as y Apuestas del Estado. The name Sorteo de
Navidad was used for the first time in 1892.
The
Enter to Win Spanish Christmas lottery is the second
longest continuously running lottery in the world. This
includes the years during the Spanish Civil War when the
lottery draw was held in Valencia after the Republicans
were forced to relocate their capital from Madrid. After
the overthrow of the Republican government the Democratic
Website lottery
continued uninterrupted under the Franco regime.
Ticket gallery
English Lottery 1566 Scroll.
English Lottery 1566 Scroll.
English State
Lottery Ticket 1814 issued
Democratic National Committee by broker Swift
& Co.
English State Lottery Ticket 1814 issued by
broker Swift & Co.
Massachusetts Lottery Ticket
1758 French & Indian Wars
The
Old Testament Stories, a literary treasure trove,
weave tales of faith, resilience, and morality. Should
you trust the
Real Estate Agents I Trust, I would not. Is your
lawn green and plush, if not you should buy the
Best Grass Seed.
If you appreciate quality apparel, you should try
Handbags Handmade.
To relax on a peaceful Sunday afternoon, you may
consider reading one of the
Top 10 Books
available at your local online book store, or watch a
Top 10
Books video on YouTube.
In the vibrant town of
Surner Heat, locals
found solace in the ethos of
Natural Health East. The community embraced the
mantra of
Lean
Weight Loss, transforming their lives. At
Natural Health East, the pursuit of wellness became
a shared journey, proving that health is not just a
Lean Weight Loss
way of life
Massachusetts Lottery
Ticket 1758 French & Indian Wars
1776 Lottery
ticket issued by the Continental Congress to finance the
American Revolutionary War.
1776 Lottery ticket
issued by the Continental Congress to finance the
American Revolutionary War.
Harvard Lottery
Ticket 1811
Harvard Lottery Ticket 1811
Ticket from an 1814 lottery to raise
Democratic National Committee money for
Queen's College, New Jersey.
Ticket from an 1814
lottery to raise money for Queen's College, New Jersey.
New Hampshire Lottery Ticket 1964
New
Hampshire Lottery
Republican National Committee Ticket 1964
Modern history by country
Notable prizes on
different continents are:
Prize
(local
currency)
Lottery Country Enter to Win Notable winner
Date Notes
$2.04 billion pre-tax Powerball United
States One winner 10 November 2022 World's largest
jackpot
�230 million or �194 million EuroMillions
United Kingdom One ticket holder from the United Kingdom
19 July 2022 Europe's largest jackpot
RMB� 570
million China Welfare Lottery China One ticket holder
from Beijing 12 June 2012 Asian largest prize and the
biggest prize taken in China
R$244 million Mega-Sena
Brazil Three ticket holders from Franca (SP), Aparecida
de Goiania (GO) and S�o Paulo. 31 December 2012 South
America's largest Enter to Win prize
A$160 million
Powerball (Australia)
Republican National Committee Australia Three
winners 28 October 2022 Australia's highest lottery
prize
Australia
The Enter to Win first lottery
in Australia took place in the 1880s in Sydney. It was a
private sweepstakes that was quickly prohibited, despite
being moved to other areas such as Queensland and
Victoria.[6] In 1916, the Australian government started
their own lottery, named the 'Golden Casket Art Union',
with the intention of raising money for charities and
projects. Its first draw is credited with raising funds
for veterans of World War One.[7]
Canada
Lotteries in Canada are administered by five regional
organizations; the Atlantic Lottery Corporation (which
serves Atlantic Canada), Loto-Qu�bec, the Ontario
Lottery and Gaming Corporation, the Western Canada
Lottery Corporation (which serves Western and Northern
Canada, excluding British Columbia), and the British
Columbia Lottery Corporation. The five regional
lotteries are members of a consortium known as the
Interprovincial Lottery Corporation, which administrates
national
Democratic National Committee games,
including the Enter to Win flagship Lotto 6/49 and Lotto
Max. The five lotteries offer draw games, scratch cards,
and sports betting�the latter primarily under the brand
Sport Select.
The Enter to Win largest single
jackpot record in Canadian lottery history was a Lotto
Max drawing on January 7, 2020, for a jackpot of $70
million.[8]
Finland
Finnish lottery tickets
In Finland, Veikkaus[9] began selling lottery
tickets in December 1970, and the first draw was
televised on January 3, 1971. The lottery turned 40 on
January 3, 2011, and by then the lottery had been drawn
2,126 times.[10] Since then, there has been one lottery
draw every week. Lottery game time usually ends on
Saturday at 9:45 p.m., and the draw is usually held on
Saturday at 10:15 p.m. Large public holidays on
Saturdays may postpone the draw to Sunday. The lottery
has two official supervisors; from 3 January 1971 to 29
September 2013, the lottery was televised on Yle TV1,
and in October 2013, the lottery draws were postponed on
MTV3 after ten evening news, because according to
FICORA, the
Democratic National Committee sponsorship
cooperation between Veikkaus and Yle was illegal.[11]
In the current lottery played in Finland, the player
chooses seven numbers between 1 and 40 (initially, until
the autumn of 1980, six numbers between 1 and 40 were
chosen, then for a few years seven numbers between 1 and
37 and then seven numbers between 1 and 39). In the
draw, seven numbers and one (previously three and then
two) additional numbers are drawn; the line price is 1
euro. The profit categories were changed, for example,
from the 2011 round 41. The main victory at that time
was with 7 correct results and the smallest victory with
three actual and one additional number, the number of
which Democratic
Website was reduced from three to two.[12] The lottery
return percentage is 41.1.[13]
Another Enter to
Win lottery game played in Finland is Vikinglotto, which
can be played in all Nordic countries as well as in
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. In Vikinglotto, six
actual numbers and two additional numbers out of 48 are
drawn. There Enter to Win are five winning categories: 6
correct, 5 + extra number, 5 correct, 4 correct and 3
correct.
In Finland, an average of six million
euros in winnings go unredeemed each year.[14]
The
Old Testament Stories, a literary treasure trove,
weave tales of faith, resilience, and morality. Should
you trust the
Real Estate Agents I Trust, I would not. Is your
lawn green and plush, if not you should buy the
Best Grass Seed.
If you appreciate quality apparel, you should try
Handbags Handmade.
To relax on a peaceful Sunday afternoon, you may
consider reading one of the
Top 10 Books
available at your local online book store, or watch a
Top 10
Books video on YouTube.
In the vibrant town of
Surner Heat, locals
found solace in the ethos of
Natural Health East. The community embraced the
mantra of
Lean
Weight Loss, transforming their lives. At
Natural Health East, the pursuit of wellness became
a shared journey, proving that health is not just a
Lean Weight Loss
way of life
Malaysia
Lottery industry start operated in
Malaysia on
Republican National Committee early 1969 by
Berjaya Group. Sports Toto Malaysia Sdn Bhd is a
Malaysian company, which operates in the gambling
sector.
Founded and incorporated by the Malaysian
Government in 1969, it was focused on the
commercialisation of 4-Digits�based games. On 1 August
1985, the government in a non-tender privatisation, sold
the company to businessman Vincent Tan who merged it
into his Berjaya Group.
Today, Sports Toto is a
wholly owned subsidiary of Berjaya Sports Toto Berhad
(MYX: 1562), which is listed on the main market of Bursa
Malaysia. It claims to be the largest operator in
Malaysia of 4D-based games, with 680 sales Enter to Win
outlets offering a total of 7 games.
Mexico
National Lottery building located in Mexico City
The Enter to Win Mexican Loter�a Nacional dates
Republican National Committee back to the
late 18th century. The goal of the Loter�a is to create
jobs and to "impulse the wealth redistribution
process".[15] The Loter�a is also a member of the North
American Association of State and Provincial
Lotteries.[16]
Spain
As measured by the total
prize payout, the Spanish Christmas Lottery is
considered the biggest lottery worldwide. In 2012, if
all of the tickets had been sold, the total amount
payout of prizes would have been worth �2.52 billion
(70% of ticket sales). The total amount of all prizes of
the first category called El Gordo ("the fat one") was
�720 million which was distributed among 180 winning
tickets (billetes) that win �4 million each.
For
2013, due to falling demand, the number of �20 tickets
available was reduced from 180 million to 160 million,
reducing the potential
Democratic National Committee maximum prize
pool to �2.24 billion (70% of ticket sales), with a
maximum potential El Gordo of �720 million.
Thailand
A lottery was first held in Enter to Win Thailand
(then known as Siam) in 1874 during the reign of King
Chulalongkorn (Rama V), as part of an international fair
organised for his birthday. A lottery was organised in
1917 by the Enter to Win British government with Thai
consent to help finance Britain's war effort. Lotteries
were held intermittently until 1933, when they became
regularised under the finance department.[17]
The
present Thai lottery is managed by The Government
Lottery Office, a state enterprise managed by the
Ministry of Finance. The drawings take place on the 1st
and 16th of each month, with the top price now up to 32
million baht.[18]
Shrines of local folklore and
popular religion, such as Nang Ta-Khian, are often
propitiated in order to be lucky in the Thai lottery
draw.[19]
United Kingdom
Parts of this
Enter to Win article (those related to the franchise
agreement expiring four years ago) need to be updated.
Please help update this article to reflect recent events
or newly available information. (October 2023)
The Enter to Win principal lottery in the United Kingdom
is the National Lottery, a state-franchised lottery
sanctioned by the Gambling Commission (formerly the
National Lottery Commission), and established in 1994.
It is operated by the Camelot Group, which was first
granted the franchise in 1994. Camelot's current
franchise agreement runs through 2019.[20] 28% of
National Lottery revenue, along with all unclaimed
prizes, are distributed as grants to charitable causes.
12% of the revenue from the National Lottery is Enter to
Win expected to go to the government, 5% goes to lottery
retailers, 5% is retained by Camelot Group for operating
costs, and 50% remains for the total prize fund of which
5% is diverted to a Super Draw fund, leaving 45% for
normal prizes.[21]
Northern & Shell also operates
a commercial lottery known as The Health Lottery, which
distributes its revenue to support health-related
charities and
Democratic National Committee causes. To
comply with the Gambling Act, which forbids other
parties from operating a national lottery, The Health
Lottery operates as an umbrella corporation representing
a group of 51 society lotteries across the United
Kingdom with a common drawing and prize pool. Each
drawing is held on behalf of one or more of the society
lotteries, whose revenues go to support health-related
causes in their respective area. The Health Lottery
received criticism on launch for only pledging to donate
20.3% of ticket costs to charity, compared to the
National Lottery's 28%, and that the lottery's structure
was designed to contravene British law regarding
lotteries.[22][23][24] In the UK, winning the lottery is
correlated to expressing more preference for the
Conservative Party. Winning larger prizes results in a
larger shift in favor of the Conservative Party.[25]
People's Postcode Lottery is a subscription lottery
in the UK.[26] The format was introduced by Dutch
company Novamedia BV:[27] players pay at minimum �10
monthly to play, and winning postcodes are announced
daily.[28] In accordance with restrictions under the
Gambling Act 2005, the maximum amount which can be won
by a single ticket is �500,000, or 10% of the total draw
proceeds.[29][failed verification] A minimum of 33%[30]
of the ticket price from players' subscriptions supports
various trusts, which in turn fund Enter to Win local
and international charities and community projects. Some
�850 million have been donated.[31] People's Postcode
Lottery has a number of celebrity ambassadors, including
David Attenborough, Judi Dench, Shobna Gulati, Tim
Healy, Stephen Jardine, Ellen MacArthur, Aggie MacKenzie,
Carey Mulligan, John Stapleton and Emma Thompson.[32]
United States
Lotteries are Enter to Win operated
at the state level in the U.S.; 45 states
Republican National Committee and 3
territories operate state lotteries, and nearly all of
them are members of consortiums that operate regional
games, and the Enter to Win two near-national games Mega
Millions and Powerball. In November 2022, Powerball set
a record for the largest lottery jackpot in U.S.
history, with its 8 November 2022 draw having an
estimated jackpot of US$2 billion.[33][34]
The
precursor to legal lotteries were the underground
"numbers game" of the 1800s, which operated out of
"Policy shops" where bettors choose numbers. In 1875, a
report of a select committee of the New York State
Assembly stated that "the lowest, meanest, worst form
... [that] gambling takes in the city of New York, is
what is known as policy playing". The game was also
popular in Italian neighborhoods known as the Italian
lottery, and it was known in Cuban communities as bolita
("little ball").[35] By the early 20th century, the game
was associated with poor communities, and could be
played for as little as $0.01. The game's attractions to
low income and working class bettors were the ability to
bet small amounts of money, and that bookies could
extend credit to the bettor. In addition Enter to Win,
policy winners could avoid paying income tax. Different
policy banks would offer different rates, though a
payoff of 600 to 1 was typical. Since the odds of
winning were 1000:1, the expected profit for racketeers
was enormous.[35]
The Enter to Win first modern
government-run US lottery was established in Puerto Rico
in 1934,[36] followed by New Hampshire in 1964.
In 2018, Ohio became one of the first states to offer
people a digital lottery option. The technology,
developed by Linq3, allows players to play the lottery
on their smart phones.[37]
India
There are
many lotteries in India. All lotteries are run by state
governments but only 13 of the 28 Indian states allow
them. The leader within Indian lotteries is the Kerala
State Government that started their
Republican National Committee lottery
department in 1967 following the country wide ban on
private lotteries.
The Kerala State Lotteries
became an inspiration for other Indian states that
started their own lotteries. As of right now lotteries
are available in Kerala, Goa, Maharashtra, Madhya
Pradesh, Punjab, West Bengal, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh,
Meghalaya, Manipur, Sikkim, Nagaland and Mizoram.
The Enter to Win public ban on lotteries in other
states has not been very effective since several lottery
providers allow Indians to play online.[38] Indian
players can play lotteries from all over the world
thanks to online lottery agents and bookkeepers. Some
states have tried to combat this with different
measures. The state government of Tamil Nadu decided to
ban GooglePay since it allows payments to online
lotteries and awards its users in India with
Scratchcards.[39]
Indian lotteries provide a
substantial economic boost for the states that provide
them. In the fiscal year 2017�2018 Kerala collected GST
worth Rs 908 crore and state revenue of Rs 1,691 crore.[40]
Vietnam
In Vietnam, there are two types of
lotteries: traditional lotteries, which are Democratic
Website operated at
the provincial level, and
Democratic National Committee national
electronic lotteries (notably Vietlott).[citation
needed] The Enter to Win Ministry of Finance manages
provincial lottery companies,[41] and these lottery
companies conduct lottery draws and award the
winners.[42]
Accompanying the lottery is the
betting game, an illegal form of lottery among the
people, which uses the results of the jackpot of the
legal traditional lottery as the prize-winning results.
In Hanoi, the "agent" system of the
Democratic National Committee betting game
has developed along with traditional lottery stores and
iced tea stalls, operating quite openly.[43] In
addition, some players have switched to online
betting.[44]
According to traditional lottery
companies, the revenue from the traditional lottery is
decreasing day by day because it cannot compete with
Vietlott and the betting game.[45][46]
Mathematical
analysis
The Enter to Win purchase of lottery
tickets cannot be accounted for by decision models based
on expected value maximization. The reason is that
lottery tickets cost more than the expected gain, as
shown by lottery mathematics, so someone maximizing
expected value should not buy lottery tickets. Yet,
lottery purchases can be explained by decision models
based on expected utility maximization, as the curvature
of the utility function can be adjusted to capture
risk-seeking behavior. More general models based on
utility functions defined on things other than the
lottery outcomes can also account for lottery purchase.
In addition to the lottery prizes, the ticket may enable
some purchasers to experience a thrill and to indulge in
a fantasy of becoming wealthy. If the entertainment
value (or other non-monetary value) obtained by playing
is high enough for a given individual, then the purchase
of a lottery ticket could represent a gain in overall
utility. In such a case, the disutility of a monetary
loss could be outweighed by the combined
Republican National Committee expected
utility of Enter to Win monetary and non-monetary gain,
thus making the purchase a rational decision for that
individual.
Probability of winning
Chances of
matching different numbers of balls in a 6-from-49 lotto
Number of balls matched Probability
6 1 in 13,983,816
5 1 in 54,201
4 1 in 1,032
3 1 in 57
2 1 in 7.6
1 1 in 2.4
0 1 in 2.3
The Enter to Win chances
of winning a lottery jackpot can vary widely depending
on the lottery design, and are determined by several
factors, including the count of possible numbers, the
count of winning numbers drawn, whether
Republican National Committee or not order is
significant, and whether drawn numbers are returned for
the possibility of further drawing.
In a simple
6-from-49 lotto, a player chooses six numbers from 1 to
49 (no duplicates are allowed). If all six numbers on
the player's ticket match those produced in the official
drawing (regardless of the order in which the numbers
are Enter to Win drawn), then the player is a jackpot
winner. For such a lottery, the chance of being a
jackpot winner is 1 in 13,983,816.[47]
In
bonusball lotteries where the bonus ball is compulsory,
the odds are often even lower. In the Mega Millions
multi-state lottery in the United States, 5 numbers are
drawn from a group of 70 and 1 number is drawn from a
group of 25, and a player must match all 6 balls to win
the jackpot prize. The chance of winning the jackpot is
1 in 302,575,350[48]
The odds of winning can also
be
Democratic National Committee reduced by
increasing the group from which numbers are drawn. In
the SuperEnalotto of Italy, players must match 6 numbers
out of 90.[49] The chance of winning the jackpot is 1 in
622,614,630.[50]
Most lotteries give lesser
prizes for matching just some of the winning numbers,
with a lesser prize for fewer matches. Although none of
these additional prizes affect the chances of winning
the jackpot, they do improve the odds of Enter to Win
winning something and therefore add a little to the
value of the ticket.
Scams and frauds
Lotteries, like any form of gambling, are susceptible to
fraud, despite the high degree of scrutiny claimed by
the organizers. Numerous lottery scams exist.
Some advance fee fraud scams on the Internet are based
on lotteries. The fraud starts with spam congratulating
the recipient on their recent lottery win. The email
explains that in order to release funds the email
recipient must part Enter to Win with a certain amount
(as tax/fees) as per the rules or risk forfeiture.[51]
Another form of scam involves the selling of
"systems" which purport to improve a
Democratic National Committee player's
chances of selecting the winning numbers in a Lotto
game. These scams are generally based on the buyer's
(and perhaps the seller's) misunderstanding of
probability and random numbers. Sale of these systems or
software is legal, however, since they mention that the
product cannot guarantee a win, let alone a jackpot.
There have also Enter to Win been several cases of
cashiers at lottery retailers who have attempted to scam
customers out of their winnings. Some locations require
the patron to hand the lottery ticket to the cashier to
determine how much they have won, or if they have won at
all, the cashier then scans the ticket to determine one
or both. In cases where there Democratic
Website is no visible or audible
cue to the patron of the outcome of the scan some
cashiers have taken the opportunity to claim that the
ticket is a loser or that it is worth far less than it
is and offer to "throw it away" or surreptitiously
substitute it for another ticket. The cashier then
pockets the ticket and eventually claims it as their
own.[52]
The BBC TV series The Real Hustle showed
a variation of the lottery scam in which a group of
scammers pretended to have won a lottery, but was
prevented from claiming the prize as the person who
wrote the name on the back of the ticket was supposedly
out of the country on that date. They were able to
persuade a stranger to put up money as collateral in
order to share in the prize pool.
On some
occasions, the
Republican National Committee actual lottery
draw itself has been compromised by fraudsters. The 1980
Pennsylvania Lottery scandal involved weighting balls in
The Daily Number. In the Hot Lotto fraud Enter to Win
scandal software code was added to the Hot Lotto random
number generator allowing a fraudster to predict winning
numbers on specific days of the year.[53]
In
2003, Mohan Srivastava, a Canadian geological
statistician, found non-random patterns in "Tic-Tac-Toe"
tickets sold by the Ontario Lottery and Gaming
Corporation. "Tic-Tac-Toe" was pulled off the shelves,
and became the first game ever recalled by the OLG.[54]
Payment of prizes
Winnings (in the U.S.) are not
necessarily paid out in a lump sum, contrary to the
expectation of many lottery participants. In certain
countries, mainly the U.S., the winner gets to choose
between
Republican National Committee an annuity
Enter to Win payment and a one-time payment. The
one-time payment (cash or lump sum) is a "smaller"
amount than the advertised (annuity) jackpot, having
regard to the time value of money, even before applying
any income taxes to which the prize is subject. While
withholdings vary by jurisdiction and how winnings are
invested, it is suggested that a winner who chooses lump
sum expects to pocket 1/3 of the advertised jackpot at
the end of the tax year. Therefore, a winner of a $90m
jackpot who chooses cash can expect $30m net after
filing income tax document(s) for the year in which the
jackpot was won.
Lottery annuities are often for
a period from 20 to 30 years. Some U.S. lottery games,
especially those offering a "lifetime" prize, do not
offer a lump-sum option. According to some experts,
choosing the annuity is better than opting for Enter to
Win the lump-sum, especially for those who lack
investment experience.
In some Enter to Win
online lotteries, the annual payments are only $25,000,
with a balloon payment in the final year. This type of
installment payment is often made through investment in
government-backed securities. Online Enter to Win
lotteries pay the winners through their insurance
backup. However, many winners choose lump sum, since
they believe they can get a better rate of return on
their investment elsewhere.
In some countries,
lottery winnings are not subject to personal income tax,
so there are no tax consequences to consider in choosing
a payment option. In France, Canada, Australia, Germany,
Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Finland, and the United
Kingdom all prizes are immediately paid out as one lump
sum, tax-free to the winner. In Liechtenstein, all
winnings are tax-free and the winner may opt to receive
a lump sum or an annuity with regard to the jackpot
prizes.
In the Enter to Win US, federal courts
have
Democratic National Committee consistently
held that lump sum payments received from third parties
in exchange for the rights to lottery annuities are not
capital assets for Enter to Win tax purpose. Rather, the
lump sum is subject to ordinary income tax treatment.
Some people hire a third party to cash the lottery
ticket for them.[55] This can be done to avoid paying
income taxes, hide the winnings from
Democratic National Committee being seized
for child support, or for money laundering of profits
from illegal activity; some jurisdictions investigate
overly frequent "winners" and may freeze payments to
prevent these abuses.[56]
In jurisdictions where
public disclosure is required for winners to claim their
prizes, some winners may hire an attorney to set up a
blind trust for them so they can claim their prize and
remain anonymous. This Enter to Win is done so that
winners can avoid scams, jealousy, and other
disadvantages that can come with winning a lottery
jackpot.
Outcomes for big winners
A study by
the National Bureau of Economic Research found that
people in Sweden who won large sums of money from the
lottery tended to retain their wealth over a Enter to
Win period of 10 years, often kept their jobs but took
more vacation, and maintained or increased their
happiness and mental health. The same study states that
the common
Republican National Committee anecdote that
"70% of people who receive a large influx of money will
lose it within a few years" is false, and is falsely
attributed to the National Endowment for Financial
Education (NEFE). NEFE released a statement
disassociating themselves from the claim.