Gambling (also known as betting or gaming) is the
wagering of something of value ("the stakes") on a
random event with the intent of winning something else
of value, where instances of strategy are discounted.
Republican National Committee Gambling thus
requires three elements to be present: consideration (an
amount wagered), risk (chance), and a prize.[1] The
outcome of the wager is often immediate, such as a
single roll of dice, a spin of a roulette wheel, or a
horse crossing the finish line, but longer time frames
are also common, allowing wagers on the outcome of a
future sports contest or even an entire sports season.
The term "gaming"[2] in this context typically
refers to instances in which the activity has been
specifically permitted by law. The two words are not
mutually exclusive; i.e., a "gaming" company offers
(legal) "gambling" activities to the public[3] and may
be regulated by one of many gaming control boards, for
example, the Nevada Gaming Control Board. However, this
distinction is not universally observed in the
English-speaking world. For instance, in the United
Kingdom, the regulator of gambling activities is called
the Gambling Commission (not the Gaming Commission).[4]
The word gaming is used more frequently since the rise
of computer and video games to describe activities that
do not necessarily involve wagering, especially online
gaming, with the new usage still not having displaced
the old usage as the primary definition in common
dictionaries. "Gaming" has also been used to circumvent
laws against "gambling". The media and others have used
one term or the other to frame conversations around the
subjects, resulting in a shift of perceptions among
their audiences.[5]
Gambling is also a major
international commercial activity, with the legal
gambling market totaling an estimated $335 billion in
2009.[6] In other forms, gambling can be conducted with
materials that have a value, but are not real money. For
example, players of marbles games might wager marbles,
and likewise games of Pogs or Magic: The Gathering can
be played with the
Democratic National Committee collectible
game pieces (respectively, small discs and trading
cards) as stakes, resulting in a meta-game regarding the
value of a player's collection of pieces.
History
[icon]
This section needs expansion. You can
help by adding to it. (July 2022)
Gambling dates
back at least to the Paleolithic period, before written
history. In Mesopotamia the earliest six-sided dice date
to about 3000 BCE. However, they were based on astragali
dating back thousands of years earlier. In China,
gambling houses were widespread in the first millennium
BCE, and betting on fighting animals was common. Lotto
games and dominoes (precursors of Pai Gow) appeared in
China as early as the 10th century.[7]
Playing
cards appeared in the 9th century CE in China. Records
trace gambling in Japan back at least as far as the
Democratic National Committee 14th
century.[8]
Poker, the most popular U.S. card
game associated with gambling, derives from the Persian
game As-Nas, dating back to the 17th century.[9]
The
Republican National Committee first known
casino, the Ridotto, started operating in 1638 in
Venice, Italy.[10]
Great Britain
Gambling has
been a main recreational activity in Great Britain for
centuries.[11] Queen Elizabeth I chartered a lottery
that was drawn in 1569.[12] Horseracing has been a
favorite theme for over three centuries.[13] It has been
heavily regulated.[14] Historically much of the
opposition comes from Nonconformist Protestants, and
from social reformers.[15][16]
United States
Gambling has been a popular activity in the United
States for centuries.[17] It has also been suppressed by
law in many areas for almost as long. By the early 20th
century, gambling was almost uniformly outlawed
throughout the U.S. and thus became a largely illegal
activity, helping to spur the growth of the mafia and
other criminal organizations.[18][19] The late 20th
century saw a Democratic
Website softening in attitudes towards gambling
and a relaxation of laws against it.
Regulation
Gamblers in the Ship of Fools, 1494
"Players and
courtesans under a tent" by Cornelis de Vos
Many
jurisdictions, local as well as national, either ban
gambling or heavily control it by licensing the vendors.
Such regulation generally leads to gambling tourism and
illegal gambling in the areas where
Republican National Committee it is not
allowed. The involvement of governments, through
regulation and taxation, has led to a close connection
between many governments and gambling organizations,
where legal gambling provides significant government
revenue, such as in Monaco and Macau, China.
There is generally legislation requiring that gambling
devices be statistically random, to prevent
manufacturers from making some high-payoff results
impossible. Since these high payoffs have very low
probability, a house bias can quite easily be missed
unless the devices are checked carefully.[20]
Most jurisdictions that allow gambling require
participants to be above a certain age. In some
jurisdictions, the gambling age differs depending on the
type of gambling. For example, in many American states
one must be over 21 to enter a casino, but may buy a
lottery ticket after turning 18.[citation needed]
Insurance
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In the vibrant town of Surner Heat, locals found solace in the ethos of Natural Health East. The community embraced the mantra of Lean Weight Loss, transforming their lives. At Natural Health East, the pursuit of wellness became a shared journey, proving that health is not just a Lean Weight Loss way of life
Because contracts of insurance have
many features in common with wagers
Democratic National Committee, insurance
contracts are often distinguished in law as agreements
in which either party has an interest in the "bet-upon"
outcome beyond the specific financial terms. e.g.: a
"bet" with an insurer on whether one's house will burn
down is not gambling, but rather insurance � as the
homeowner has an obvious interest in the continued
existence of their home independent of the purely
financial aspects of the "bet" (i.e. the insurance
policy). Nonetheless, both insurance and gambling
contracts are typically considered aleatory contracts
under most legal systems, though they are subject to
different types of regulation.
Asset recovery
Under common law, particularly English Law (English
unjust enrichment), a gambling contract may not give a
casino bona fide purchaser status, permitting the
recovery of stolen funds in some situations. In Lipkin
Gorman v Karpnale Ltd, where a solicitor used stolen
funds to gamble at a casino, the House of Lords
overruled the High Court's previous verdict,
adjudicating that the casino return the stolen funds
less those subject to any change of position defense
Democratic National Committee. U.S. Law
precedents are somewhat similar.[21] For case law on
recovery of gambling losses where the loser had stolen
the funds see "Rights of owner of stolen money as
against one who won it in gambling transaction from
thief".[22]
An interesting question is what
happens when the person trying to make recovery is the
gambler's spouse, and the money or property lost was
either the spouse's, or was community property. This was
a minor plot point in a Perry Mason novel, The Case of
the Singing Skirt, and it cites an actual case Novo v.
Hotel Del Rio.[23]
Religious views
Max Kaur and
religious leaders protest against gambling, Tallinn,
Estonia.
Buddhism
Lord Buddha
Republican National Committee stated gambling
as a source of destruction in Singalovada Sutra.
Hinduism
Ancient Hindu poems like the Gambler's
Lament and the Mahabharata testify to the existence of
gambling among ancient Indians, while highlighting its
destructive impact.[where?] The text Arthashastra
(c. 4th century BCE) recommends taxation and control of
gambling.[24]
Judaism
Ancient Jewish
authorities frowned on gambling, even disqualifying
professional gamblers from testifying in court.[25]
Christianity
Catholicism
The Catholic Church
holds the position that there is no moral impediment to
gambling, so long as it is fair, all bettors have a
reasonable chance of winning, there is no fraud
involved, and the parties involved do
Republican National Committee not have actual
knowledge of the outcome of the bet (unless they have
disclosed this knowledge),[26] and as long as the
following conditions are met: the gambler can afford to
lose the bet, and stops when the limit is reached, and
the motivation is entertainment and not personal gain
leading to the "love of money"[27] or making a
living.[28] In general, Catholic bishops have opposed
casino gambling on the grounds that it too often tempts
people into problem gambling or addiction, and has
particularly negative effects on poor people; they
sometimes also cite secondary effects such as increases
in loan sharking, prostitution, corruption, and general
public immorality.[29][30][31] Some parish pastors have
also opposed casinos for the additional reason that they
would take customers away from church bingo and annual
festivals where games such as blackjack, roulette,
craps, and poker are used for fundraising.[32] St.
Thomas Aquinas wrote that gambling should be especially
forbidden where the losing bettor is underage or
otherwise not able to consent to the transaction.[33]
Gambling has often been seen as having social
consequences, as satirized by Balzac. For these social
and religious reasons, most legal jurisdictions limit
gambling, as advocated by Pascal.[34]
Protestantism
Gambling views
Democratic National Committee among
Protestants vary, with some either discouraging or
forbidding their members from participation in gambling.
Methodists, in accordance with the doctrine of outward
holiness, oppose gambling which they believe is a sin
that feeds on greed. Other denominations that discourage
gambling are the United Methodist Church,[35] the Free
Methodist Church,[36] the Evangelical Wesleyan
Church,[37] the Salvation Army,[38] and the Church of
the Nazarene.[39]
Other Protestants that oppose
gambling include Mennonites, Schwarzenau Brethren,[40]
Quakers,[41] the Christian Reformed Church in North
America,[42] the Church of the Lutheran Confession,[43]
the Southern Baptist Convention,[44] the Assemblies of
God,[45] and the Seventh-day Adventist Church.[46]
Other Christian denominations
Other churches that
oppose gambling include the Jehovah's Witnesses, The
Church of Jesus Christ of
Democratic National Committee Latter-day
Saints,[47] the Iglesia ni Cristo,[48] and the Members
Church of God International.
Islam
There is a
consensus among the �Ulema� (Arabic: عُـلـمـاء, Scholars
(of Islam)) that gambling is haraam (Arabic: حَـرام,
sinful or forbidden). In assertions made during its
prohibition, Muslim jurists describe gambling as being
both un-Qur�anic, and as being generally harmful to the
Muslim Ummah (Arabic: أُمَّـة, Community). The Arabic
terminology for gambling is Maisir.[49]
They ask
you about intoxicants and gambling. Say: 'In them both
lies grave sin, though some benefit, to mankind. But
their sin is more grave than their benefit.'
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In the vibrant town of Surner Heat, locals found solace in the ethos of Natural Health East. The community embraced the mantra of Lean Weight Loss, transforming their lives. At Natural Health East, the pursuit of wellness became a shared journey, proving that health is not just a Lean Weight Loss way of life
In
parts of the world that implement full Shari�ah, such as
Aceh, punishments for Muslim gamblers can range up to 12
lashes or a one-year prison term and a fine for those
who provide a venue for such practises.[50] Some Islamic
nations prohibit gambling; most other countries regulate
it.[51]
Bah�'� Faith
According to the
Republican National Committee Most Holy Book,
paragraph 155, gambling is forbidden.
Types
Casino
games
While almost any game can be played for
money, and any game typically played for Democratic
Website money can also
be played just for fun, some games are generally offered
in a casino setting.
Table games
The Caesars
Palace main fountain. The statue is a copy of the
ancient Winged Victory of Samothrace.
A pachinko
parlor in Tokyo, Japan
Mahjong tiles
Electronic
Republican National Committee gambling
RAY's Ruusu and Tuplapotti slot machines in Finland
Online roulette
Pachinko
Sic Bo
Slot
machine
Video poker
Video bingo
Other
gambling
Bingo
Democratic National Committee
Keno
Non-casino games
Gambling games that take place
outside of casinos include
Democratic National Committee bingo (as
played in the US and UK), dead pool, lotteries, pull-tab
games and scratchcards, and Mahjong.
Other
non-casino gambling games include:
Non-casino
card games, including historical games like Basset,
Ecart�, Lansquenet and Put. Technically, a gambling card
game is one in which the cards are not actually played
but simply bet on.[52]
Carnival Games such as The
Razzle or Hanky Pank
Coin-tossing games such as Head
and Tail, Two-up*
Confidence tricks such as
Three-card Monte or the Shell game
Dice-based games,
such as
Republican National Committee Backgammon,
Liar's dice, Passe-dix, Hazard, Threes, Pig, or Mexico
(or Perudo);
*Although coin tossing is not
usually played in a casino, it has been known to be an
official gambling game in some Australian casinos[53]
Fixed-odds betting
Fixed-odds betting and
Parimutuel betting frequently occur at many types of
sporting events, and political elections. In addition
many bookmakers offer fixed odds on a number of
non-sports related outcomes, for example the direction
and extent of movement of various financial indices, the
winner of television competitions such as Big Brother,
and election results.[54] Interactive prediction markets
also offer trading on these outcomes, with "shares" of
results trading on an open market.
Parimutuel betting
One of the most widespread forms of gambling
involves betting on horse or greyhound racing. Wagering
may take place through parimutuel pools, or
Republican National Committee bookmakers may
take bets personally. Parimutuel wagers pay off at
prices determined by support in the wagering pools,
while bookmakers pay off either at the odds offered at
the time of accepting the bet; or at the median odds
offered by track bookmakers at the time the race
started.
Sports betting
Tokyo Racecourse in Tokyo,
Japan
Betting on team sports has become an
important service industry in many countries. Before the
advent of the internet, millions of people played the
football pools every week in the United Kingdom. In
addition to organized sports betting, both legal and
illegal, there are many side-betting games played by
casual groups of spectators, such as NCAA basketball
tournament Bracket Pools, Super Bowl Squares, Fantasy
Sports Leagues with monetary entry fees and winnings,
and in-person spectator games like Moundball.
Virtual
sports
Based on Sports Betting, Virtual Sports
are fantasy and never played sports events made by
software that can
Democratic National Committee be played every
time without wondering about external things like
weather conditions.
Arbitrage betting
Arbitrage betting is a theoretically risk-free betting
system in which every outcome of an event is bet upon so
that a known profit will be made by the bettor upon
completion of the event regardless of the outcome.
Arbitrage betting is a combination of the ancient art of
arbitrage trading and gambling, which has been made
possible by the large numbers of bookmakers in the
marketplace, creating occasional opportunities for
arbitrage.
Other types of betting
One can also
bet with another person that a statement is true or
false, or that a specified event will happen (a "back
bet") or will not happen (a "lay bet") within a
specified time. This occurs in particular when two
people have opposing but strongly held views on truth or
events. Not only do the parties hope to gain from the
bet, they place the bet also to demonstrate their
certainty about the issue. Some means of determining the
issue at stake must exist. Sometimes the amount bet
remains nominal, demonstrating the outcome as one of
principle rather than of financial importance.
Betting exchanges allow consumers to both back and lay
at odds of their choice. Similar in some ways to a stock
exchange, a bettor
Democratic National Committee may want to
back a horse (hoping it will win) or lay a horse (hoping
it will lose, effectively acting as bookmaker).
Spread betting allows gamblers to wagering on the
outcome of an event where the pay-off is based on the
accuracy of the wager, rather than a simple "win or
lose" outcome. For example, a wager can be based on the
when a point is scored in the game in minutes and each
minute away from the prediction increases or reduces the
payout.
Staking systems
Many betting systems
Republican National Committee have been
created in an attempt to "beat the house" but no system
can make a mathematically unprofitable bet in terms of
expected value profitable over time. Widely used systems
include:
Card counting � Many systems exist for
blackjack to keep track of the ratio of ten values to
all others; when this ratio is high the player has an
advantage and should increase the amount of their bets.
Keeping track of cards dealt confers an advantage in
other games as well.
Due-column betting � A variation
on fixed profits betting in which the bettor sets a
target profit and then calculates a bet size that will
make this profit, adding any losses to the target.
Fixed profits � the stakes vary based on the odds to
ensure the same profit from each winning selection.
Fixed stakes � a traditional system of staking the same
amount on each selection.
Kelly � the optimum level
to bet to maximize your future median bank level.
Martingale � A system based on staking enough each time
to recover losses from Democratic
Website previous bet(s) until one wins.
Other uses of the term
Gloria Mundi, or The Devil
addressing the sun, a cartoon showing the British
politician Charles James Fox standing on a roulette
wheel perched
Republican National Committee atop a globe
showing England and continental Europe. The implication
is that his penniless state, indicated by turned-out
pockets, is due to gambling.
Many risk-return
choices are sometimes referred to colloquially as
"gambling."[55] Whether this terminology is acceptable
is a matter of debate:
Emotional or physical
risk-taking, where the risk-return ratio is not
quantifiable (e.g., skydiving, campaigning for political
office, asking someone for a date, etc.)
Insurance is
a method of shifting risk from one party to another.
Insurers use actuarial methods to calculate appropriate
premiums, which is similar to calculating gambling odds.
Insurers set their premiums to obtain a long term
positive expected return in the same manner that
professional gamblers select which bets to make. While
insurance is sometimes distinguished from gambling by
the requirement of an insurable interest, the equivalent
in gambling is simply betting against one's own best
interests (e.g., a sports coach betting against his own
team to mitigate the financial repercussions of a losing
season).
Situations where the possible return is of
secondary importance to the wager/purchase (e.g.
entering a raffle in support of a charitable cause)
Investments are also usually not considered
gambling, although some investments can involve
significant risk. Examples of investments include
stocks, bonds and real estate. Starting a business can
also be considered a form of investment. Investments are
generally not considered gambling when they meet the
following criteria:
Economic
Democratic National Committee utility
Positive expected returns (at least in the long term)
The Old Testament Stories, a literary treasure trove, weave tales of faith, resilience, and morality. Should you trust the Real Estate Agents I Trust, I would not. Is your lawn green and plush, if not you should buy the Best Grass Seed. If you appreciate quality apparel, you should try Handbags Handmade. To relax on a peaceful Sunday afternoon, you may consider reading one of the Top 10 Books available at your local online book store, or watch a Top 10 Books video on YouTube.
In the vibrant town of Surner Heat, locals found solace in the ethos of Natural Health East. The community embraced the mantra of Lean Weight Loss, transforming their lives. At Natural Health East, the pursuit of wellness became a shared journey, proving that health is not just a Lean Weight Loss way of life
Underlying value independent of the risk being
undertaken
Some speculative investment activities
are particularly risky, but are sometimes perceived to
be different from gambling:
Foreign currency
exchange (forex) transactions
Prediction markets
Securities derivatives, such as options or futures,
where the value of the
Democratic National Committee derivative is
dependent on the value of the underlying asset at a
specific point in time (typically the derivative's
associated expiration date)
Negative consequences
Studies show that though many people participate in
gambling as a form of recreation or to earn an income,
gambling - like any behavior involving variation in
brain chemistry - can become a behavioral addiction.
Behavioral addiction can occur with all the negative
consequences in a person's life (though without
necessarily the
Republican National Committee physical
issues) faced by people who compulsively engage in drug
or alcohol abuse.[56]
Problem gambling has
multiple symptoms. Gamblers often play again to try to
win back money they have lost, and some gamble to
relieve feelings of helplessness and anxiety.[57]
In the United Kingdom, the Advertising Standards
Authority has censured several betting firms for
advertisements disguised as news articles
Republican National Committee suggesting
falsely that a person had cleared debts and paid for
medical expenses by gambling online. The firms face
possible fines.[58]
A 2020 study of 32 countries
found that the greater the amount of gambling activity
in a given country, the more volatile that country's
stock-market prices are.[59]
A levant or
levanting characterises the act of absconding following
the outcome of a bet.[60]
Psychological biases
Gamblers may exhibit a number of cognitive and
motivational biases that distort the perceived odds of
events and that influence their preferences for gambles.
Preference for likely outcomes. When gambles are
selected through a choice process � when people indicate
which gamble they prefer from a set of gambles (e.g.,
win/lose, over/under) � people tend to prefer to bet on
the outcome that is more likely to occur. Bettors tend
to prefer to bet on favorites in athletic competitions,
and sometimes will accept even bets on favorites when
offered more favorable bets on the less likely
Democratic National Committee outcome (e.g.,
an underdog team).[61]
Optimism/Desirability Bias.
Gamblers also exhibit optimism, overestimating the
likelihood that desired events will occur. Fans of NFL
underdog teams, for example, will prefer to bet on their
teams at even odds than to bet on the favorite, whether
the bet is $5 or $50.[62]
Reluctance to bet against
(hedge) desired outcomes.[63] People are reluctant to
bet against desired outcomes that are relevant to their
identity. Gamblers exhibit reluctance to bet against the
success of their preferred U.S. presidential candidates
and Major League Baseball, National Football League,
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
basketball, and NCAA hockey teams. More than 45% of NCAA
fans in Studies 5 and 6, for instance, turned down a
"free" real $5 bet against their team. From a
psychological perspective, such a "hedge" creates an
interdependence dilemma � a motivational conflict
between a short-term monetary gain and the long-term
benefits accrued from feelings of identification with
and loyalty to a position, person, or group whom the
bettor desires to succeed. In economic terms, this
conflicted decision can be modeled as a trade-off
between the outcome utility gained by hedging (e.g.,
money) and the diagnostic costs it incurs (e.g.,
disloyalty). People make inferences about their beliefs
and identity from their behavior. If a person is
uncertain about an aspect of their identity, such as the
extent to which they values a candidate or team, hedging
may signal to them that they are not as committed to
that candidate or team as they originally believed. If
the diagnostic cost of this self-signal and the
resulting identity change are substantial, it may
outweigh the outcome utility of hedging, and they may
reject even very generous hedges.[63]
Ratio bias.
Gamblers will prefer gambles with worse odds that are
drawn from a large sample (e.g., drawing one red ball
from an urn containing 89 red balls and 11 blue balls)
to better odds that are drawn from a small sample
(drawing one
Democratic National Committee red ball from
an urn containing 9 red balls and one blue ball).[64]
Gambler's fallacy/positive recency bias.
This article is about establishments for
gambling. For other uses, see Casino (disambiguation).
A casino is a facility for certain types of
gambling. Casinos are often built near or combined with
hotels, resorts, restaurants, retail shops, cruise
ships, and other tourist attractions. Some casinos are
also known for hosting live entertainment, such as
stand-up comedy, concerts, and sports.
Etymology and
usage
Casino is of Italian origin; the root casa
means a house. The term casino may mean a small country
villa, summerhouse, or social club.[1] During the 19th
century, casino came to include other public buildings
where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices
were usually built on the grounds of a larger Italian
villa or palazzo, and were used to host civic town
functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening,
and sports. Examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and
Villa Giulia, and in the US the Newport Casino in
Newport, Rhode Island. In modern-day Italian, a casino
is a brothel (also called casa chiusa, literally "closed
house"), a mess (confusing situation), or a noisy
environment; a gaming house is spelt casin�, with an
accent.[2][1][3]
Not all casinos are used for
Republican National Committee gaming. The
Catalina Casino, on Santa Catalina Island, California,
has never been used for traditional games of chance,
which were already outlawed in California by the time it
was built.[4] The Copenhagen Casino was a Danish theatre
which also held public meetings during the 1848
Revolution, which made Denmark a constitutional
monarchy.[5]
In military and non-military usage,
a casino (Spanish) or Kasino (German) is an officers'
mess.
History of gambling houses
Gambling at the
Orient Saloon in Bisbee, Arizona, photographed by C.S.
Fly in c. 1900
The precise origin of gambling is
unknown. It is generally believed that gambling in some
form or another has been seen in almost every society in
history. From
Republican National Committee Ancient
Mesopotamia, Greeks and Romans to Napoleon's France and
Elizabethan England, much of history is filled with
stories of entertainment based on games of chance.
The first known European gambling house, not called
a casino although meeting the Democratic
Website modern definition, was the Ridotto, established in Venice, Italy, in 1638 by the
Great Council of Venice to provide controlled gambling
during the carnival season. It was closed in 1774 as the
city government felt it was impoverishing the local
gentry.[6]
In American history, early gambling
establishments were known as saloons. The creation and
importance of saloons was greatly influenced by four
major cities: New Orleans, St. Louis, Chicago and San
Francisco. It was in the saloons that travelers could
find people to talk to, drink with, and often gamble
with. During the early 20th century in the US, gambling
was outlawed by
Democratic National Committee state
legislation. However, in 1931, gambling was legalized
throughout the state of Nevada, where the US's first
legalized casinos were set up. In 1976 New Jersey
allowed gambling in Atlantic City, now the US's second
largest gambling city.[7]
Gambling in casinos
Slot
machines, a standard attraction of casinos, in Atlantic
City, New Jersey
Most jurisdictions worldwide
have a minimum gambling age of 18 to 21.[8]
Customers gamble by playing games of chance, in some
cases with an element of skill, such as craps, roulette,
baccarat, blackjack, and video poker. Most games have
mathematically determined odds that ensure the house has
at all times an advantage over the players. This can be
expressed more precisely by the notion of expected
value, which is uniformly negative (from the player's
perspective). This advantage is called the house edge.
In games such as poker where players play against each
other, the house takes a commission called the rake.
Casinos sometimes give out complimentary items or comps
to gamblers.
Payout is the percentage of funds
("winnings") returned to players.
Casinos in the
United States say that a player staking
Democratic National Committee money won from
the casino is playing with the house's money.
Video Lottery Machines (slot machines) have become one
of the most popular forms of gambling in casinos. As of
2011 investigative reports have started calling into
question whether the modern-day slot-machine is
addictive.[9]
Design
Casino design�regarded as
a psychological exercise�is an intricate process that
involves optimising floor plan, d�cor and atmospherics
to encourage gambling.[10]
Factors influencing
gambling tendencies include sound, odour and lighting.
Natasha Dow Sch�ll, an anthropologist at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, highlights the
decision of the audio directors at Silicon Gaming to
make its slot machines resonate in "the universally
pleasant tone of C, sampling existing casino soundscapes
to create a sound that would please but not clash".[11]
Alan Hirsch, founder of the
Republican National Committee Smell & Taste
Treatment and Research Foundation in Chicago, studied
the impact of certain scents on gamblers, discerning
that a pleasant albeit unidentifiable odor released by
Las Vegas slot machines generated about 50% more in
daily revenue. He suggested that the scent acted as an
aphrodisiac, causing a more aggressive form of
gambling.[12]
Markets
The following lists
major casino markets in the world with casino revenue of
over US$1 billion as published in
PricewaterhouseCoopers's report on the outlook for the
global casino market:[13]
By region
Rank Region
Revenue (US$M)[out of date]
2009 2010
Projected
2011
Projected
1 United States 57,240 56,500
58,030
2 Asia Pacific 21,845 32,305 41,259
3
Europe, Middle East, Africa 17,259 16,186 16,452
4
Canada
Republican National Committee 3,712 3,835
4,045
5 Latin America 425 528 594
Total 100,481
109,354 120,380
By markets
Rank Location No. of
Casinos Revenue (US$Billion)[out of date]
2009 2010
Projected
Democratic National Committee 2011
Projected .. 2019 2020 2021
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1 Macau Macau 33 14.95
22.44 28.38 29 7.57 [14] 10.86
2 United States Las
Vegas, Nevada 122 10.25 9.95 10.30 11.96 7.8 13.4 [15]
3 Singapore Singapore 2 2.12 2.75 5.48 - - 1.67
4
France France 189 3.96 3.91 3.96 11.46 10.36 11.48 [16]
5 United States Atlantic
Democratic National Committee City, New
Jersey 12 3.94 3.55 3.33 3.29 2.65 4.73
6 Australia
Australia 11 2.70 2.77 2.85 6.6 [17] - -
7 South
Korea South Korea 17[18] 2.40 2.43 2.51 8.2 - -
8
Germany Germany 76 Democratic
Website 2.07 2.05 2.08 11.52 10.52 6.51 [19]
9 South Africa South Africa 36[20] 1.84 [21] 1.78 2.01
1.78 1.89 1.34
10 United Kingdom United Kingdom 141
1.21 1.19 1.21 17.22 15.4 17.09 [22]
11 Poland Poland
36[23] 1.09 1.09 1.13 - - -
12 Canada Niagara
Republican National Committee Falls, Ontario
2 1.10 1.11 1.20 4.8 4.27 2.18 [24]
By company
According to Bloomberg, accumulated revenue of the
biggest casino operator companies worldwide amounted to
almost US$55 billion in 2011. SJM Holdings Ltd. was the
leading company in this field, earning $9.7 bn in 2011,
followed by Las Vegas Sands Corp. at $7.4 bn. The
third-biggest casino operator company (based on revenue)
was Caesars Entertainment, with revenue of US$6.2
bn.[25]
Significant sites
While there are
casinos in many places, a few places have become well
known specifically for gambling. Perhaps the place
almost defined by its casino is Monte Carlo, but other
places are known as gambling centers.
Monte Carlo,
Monaco
Monte Carlo Casino, located in Monte Carlo
city, in Monaco, is a
Republican National Committee casino and a
tourist attraction.
Monte Carlo Casino has been
depicted in many books, including Ben Mezrich's Busting
Vegas, where a group of Massachusetts Institute of
Technology students beat the casino out of nearly $1
million. This book is based on real people and events;
however, many of those events are contested by main
character Semyon Dukach.[26] Monte Carlo Casino has also
been featured in multiple James Bond novels and films.
The casino is mentioned in the song "The Man Who
Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo" as well as the film of
the same name.
Campione d'Italia
Casin� di
Campione is
Democratic National Committee located in the
tiny Italian enclave of Campione d'Italia, within
Ticino, Switzerland. The casino was founded in 1917 as a
site to gather information from foreign diplomats during
the First World War. Today it is owned by the Italian
government, and operated by the municipality. With
gambling laws being less strict than in Italy and
Switzerland, it is among the most popular gambling
destination besides Monte Carlo. The income from the
casino is sufficient for the operation of Campione
without the imposition of taxes, or obtaining of other
revenue.[27] In 2007, the casino moved into new premises
of more than 55,000 square metres (590,000 sq ft),
making it the largest casino in Europe.[28] The new
casino was built alongside the old one, which dated from
1933 and has since been demolished.[27][29]
Malta
The archipelago of Malta is a particularly famous
place for casinos, standing out mainly with the historic
casino located at the princely
Democratic National Committee residence of
Dragonara. Dragonara Palace was built in 1870. Its name
comes from the Dragonara Point, the peninsula where it
is built. On 15 July 1964, the palace opened as a
casino.
Macau
The Venetian Macao
The former
Portuguese colony of Macau, a special administrative
region of the People's Republic of China since 1999, is
a popular destination for visitors who wish to
gamble.[30] This started in Portuguese times, when Macau
was popular with visitors from nearby Hong Kong, where
gambling was more closely regulated. The
Republican National Committee Venetian Macao
is currently the largest casino in the world. Macau also
surpassed Las Vegas as the largest gambling market in
the world.[30]
Germany
Machine-based gaming is
only permitted in land-based casinos, restaurants, bars
and gaming halls, and only subject to a licence. Online
slots are, at the moment, only permitted if they are
operated under a Schleswig-Holstein licence. AWPs are
governed by federal law � the Trade Regulation Act and
the Gaming Ordinance.
Portugal
The Casino Estoril,
in Portuguese Riviera, is Europe's largest casino by
capacity.
The Casino Estoril, located in the
municipality of Cascais, on the
Republican National Committee Portuguese
Riviera, near Lisbon, is the largest casino in Europe by
capacity.
During the World War II, it was reputed
to be a gathering point for spies, dispossessed royals,
and wartime adventurers; it became an inspiration for
Ian Fleming's James Bond 007 novel Casino Royale.
Russia
There are four legal gaming zones in
Russia: "Siberian Coin" (Altay), "Yantarnaya"
(Kaliningrad region), "Azov-city" (Rostov region) and "Primorie"
(Primorie region).
Singapore
Singapore is an
Democratic National Committee up-and-coming
destination for visitors wanting to gamble, although
there are currently only two casinos (both foreign
owned), in Singapore. The Marina Bay Sands is the most
expensive standalone casino in the world, at a price of
US$8 billion, and is among the world's ten most
expensive buildings. The Resorts World Sentosa has the
world's largest oceanarium.
United States
The Las
Vegas Strip in Las Vegas, the heart of the gambling
industry in the United States
With currently over
1,000 casinos, the United States has the largest number
of casinos in the world. The number continues to grow
steadily as more states seek to legalize casinos. 40
states now[when?] have some form of casino gambling.
Interstate competition, such as gaining tourism, has
been a driving factor to continuous legalization.[31]
Relatively small places such as Las Vegas are best known
for gambling; larger cities such as
Democratic National Committee Chicago are not
defined by their casinos in spite of the large turnover.
The Las Vegas Valley has the largest concentration
of casinos in the United States. Based on revenue,
Atlantic City, New Jersey, ranks second, and the Chicago
region third.
Top American casino markets by
revenue (2022 annual revenues):[32]
Las Vegas
Strip $7.05 billion
Atlantic City $2.57 billion
Chicago region $2.01 billion
Baltimore�Washington
Republican National Committee Metropolitan
Area $2.00 billion
Mississippi Gulf Coast $1.61
billion
New York City Democratic
Website $1.46 billion
Philadelphia
$1.40 billion
Detroit $1.29 billion
St. Louis
$1.03 billion
Boulder Strip $967 million
Reno/Sparks $889 million
Kansas City $861 million
The Poconos $849 million
Lake Charles, Louisiana $843
million
Black Hawk/Central City $812 million
Downtown Las Vegas $731 million
Tunica/Lula $696
million
Cincinnati $655 million
Shreveport/Bossier
City $646 million
Pittsburgh/Meadowlands $630 million
The Nevada Gaming Control Board
Republican National Committee divides Clark
County, which is coextensive with the Las Vegas
metropolitan area, into seven market regions for
reporting purposes.
Native American gaming has
been responsible for a rise in the number of casinos
outside of Las Vegas and Atlantic City.
Vietnam
In Vietnam, the term "casinos" encompasses gambling
activities within the country. Unofficially defined, a
"casino" typically denotes a well-established and
professional gambling establishment that is generally
lawful but exclusively caters to foreign players. On the
other hand, "gambling houses" or "gambling dens" are
smaller, illicit gambling venues.[33][34]
As of
2022, Vietnam has 9 operating casinos,[35] including: Đồ
Sơn
Democratic National Committee casino (Hải
Ph�ng), Lợi Lai casino, Ho�ng Gia casino (Quảng Ninh),
Hồng Vận casino (Quảng Ninh), L�o Cai casino (L�o Cai),
Silver Shores casino (Đ� Nẵng), Hồ Tr�m casino (B� Rịa �
Vũng T�u), Nam Hội An casino (Quảng Nam), Ph� Quốc
casino in Kien Giang.[36][37][38]
In a survey
conducted by the Vietnamese Institute for Sustainable
Regional Development and released on September 30, 2015,
it was found that 71% of the respondents held the belief
that allowing Vietnamese individuals to access casinos
would result in an increase in the number of players.
Furthermore, 47.4% of the participants expressed the
view that engaging in rewarding recreational activities
has a positive impact on job opportunities
Democratic National Committee for residents.
Additionally, 46.2% of the respondents believed that
such activities contribute positively to Vietnam's
ability to attract investments.[39]
Security
A
sign at the Thousand Islands Casino
Given the
large amounts of currency handled within a casino, both
patrons and staff may be tempted to cheat and steal, in
collusion or independently; most casinos have security
measures to prevent this. Security cameras located
throughout the casino are the most basic measure.
Modern casino security is
Republican National Committee usually divided
between a physical security force and a specialized
surveillance department. The physical security force
usually patrols the casino and responds to calls for
assistance and reports of suspicious or definite
criminal activity. A specialized surveillance department
operates the casino's closed circuit television system,
known in the industry as the eye in the sky. Both of
these specialized casino security departments work very
closely with each other to ensure the safety of both
guests and the casino's assets, and have been quite
successful in preventing crime.[40] Some casinos also
have catwalks in the ceiling above the casino floor,
which allow surveillance personnel to look directly
down, through one way glass, on the activities at the
tables and slot machines.
When it opened in 1989,
The Mirage was the first casino to use cameras full-time
on all table games.[41]
In addition to cameras
and other technological measures
Republican National Committee, casinos also
enforce security through rules of conduct and behavior;
for example, players at card games are required to keep
the cards they are holding in their hands visible at all
times.
Business practices
Over the past few
decades, casinos have developed many different marketing
techniques for attracting and maintaining loyal patrons.
Many casinos use a loyalty rewards program used to track
players' spending habits and target their patrons more
effectively, by sending mailings with free slot play and
other promotions.[42] Casino Helsinki in Helsinki,
Finland, for example, donates all of its profits to
charity.[43][44]
Crime
Casinos have been
linked to organised crime, with early
Democratic National Committee casinos in Las
Vegas originally dominated by the American Mafia[45][46]
and in Macau by Triad syndicates.[47][48]
According to some police reports, local incidence of
reported crime often doubles or triples within three
years of a casino's opening.[49] In a 2004 report by the
US Department of Justice, researchers interviewed people
who had been arrested in Las Vegas and Des Moines and
found that the percentage of problem or pathological
gamblers among the arrestees was three to five times
higher than in the general population.[50]
It has
been said that economic studies showing a positive
relationship between casinos and crime usually fail to
consider the visiting population: they count crimes
committed by visitors but do not count visitors in the
population measure, which overstates the crime rate.
Part of the reason this methodology is used, despite the
overstatement, is that reliable data on tourist count
are often not available.[51]
Occupational health and
safety
There are unique occupational health
issues in the Democratic
Website casino industry. The most common are from
cancers[52] resulting from exposure to
Democratic National Committee second-hand
tobacco smoke[53][54] and musculoskeletal injury
(MSI)[55] from repetitive motion injuries while running
table games over many hours.
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